Whirlpool Refrigerator Compressor Starter Relay

ByJim Boslice Home & Kitchen

The Whirlpool refrigerator compressor starter relay is a small, critical component that helps your refrigerator’s compressor start its cooling cycle. When it fails, your fridge won’t get cold.

Diagnosing and replacing a faulty starter relay often involves simple tools and a careful, step-by-step approach, making it a common and rewarding DIY repair for many homeowners.

Is your Whirlpool refrigerator acting up, perhaps making a clicking sound but not cooling, or worse, just sitting there silently with a growing puddle of disappointment inside? A warm fridge is more than an inconvenience; it’s a race against time for your groceries and a source of major frustration for any homeowner. Before you panic and call a pricey technician, there’s a good chance the culprit is a small but mighty component: the compressor starter relay.

Understanding this vital part and how to approach its diagnosis and replacement can save you a significant amount of money and empower you with a valuable new DIY skill. It’s a classic example of how a bit of knowledge and a few basic tools can transform a daunting problem into a manageable project.

Here at The Jim BoSlice Workshop, we believe in equipping you with the know-how to tackle these challenges head-on. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about your Whirlpool refrigerator’s compressor starter relay, from identifying symptoms to safely performing a replacement, ensuring your fridge gets back to its chilly duties.

Understanding the Whirlpool Refrigerator Compressor Starter Relay

At the heart of your refrigerator’s cooling system lies the compressor. This essential motor is responsible for circulating refrigerant, making your fridge cold. But a motor, especially one under load, needs a little help to get going. That’s where the whirlpool refrigerator compressor starter relay comes into play.

What Does the Starter Relay Do?

Think of the starter relay as a tiny, specialized switch. When the refrigerator’s thermostat signals that cooling is needed, the relay provides a momentary boost of power to the compressor’s start winding. This surge helps the compressor overcome its initial inertia and begin its cycle. Once the compressor is running smoothly, the relay disengages the start winding, allowing the compressor to operate efficiently on its run winding.

Types of Starter Relays

Whirlpool refrigerators typically use one of two main types of starter relays:

  • PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) Relay: This is the most common type. It’s a small ceramic disc that, when cold, has low resistance, allowing current to flow to the start winding. As current passes through it, it heats up, and its resistance rapidly increases, effectively cutting off power to the start winding once the compressor is running.
  • Current Relay: Less common in modern residential fridges but still found. This relay uses the magnetic field generated by the high current draw of the compressor’s run winding during startup to pull a plunger, which then closes contacts to energize the start winding. Once the compressor speeds up and the current drops, the magnetic field weakens, and the plunger drops, opening the contacts and de-energizing the start winding.

Regardless of the type, the goal is the same: to give the compressor a quick kickstart and then get out of the way.

Signs Your Whirlpool Refrigerator Compressor Starter Relay Might Be Failing

Diagnosing a failing starter relay often starts with observing your refrigerator’s behavior. These symptoms can point directly to issues with the whirlpool refrigerator compressor starter relay, though some can overlap with other problems.

Common Symptoms of a Faulty Relay

  • Clicking Sounds: This is perhaps the most classic symptom. You might hear a regular “click… wait… click… wait” sound coming from the back of your fridge every few minutes. This is often the relay trying to engage the compressor, failing, and then tripping its internal overload protector.
  • Refrigerator Not Cooling: The most obvious and frustrating sign. If the compressor isn’t starting, the refrigerant won’t circulate, and your fridge will simply get warmer.
  • Compressor Hums, Then Stops: You might hear a low hum from the compressor for a few seconds, followed by a click, and then silence. This indicates the compressor is trying to start but can’t sustain operation, often due to a faulty relay not providing the necessary initial boost.
  • No Compressor Activity at All: In some cases, a completely failed relay might prevent the compressor from even attempting to start, leading to silence and no cooling.
  • Burning Smell: A burnt-out relay can sometimes emit a faint burning smell, especially if it has shorted or overheated.

It’s important to differentiate these symptoms from other issues, such as a faulty thermostat, defrost timer, or even a completely dead compressor. However, the consistent clicking or the “hum-and-stop” behavior strongly suggests a relay problem.

Essential Tools and Safety First

Before you even think about touching your refrigerator’s internal components, safety must be your absolute priority. Working with electrical appliances carries risks, but with proper precautions, this is a very manageable DIY task.

Crucial Safety Steps

  1. Unplug the Refrigerator: This is non-negotiable. Always, always unplug the appliance from the wall outlet before starting any work. Don’t just flip a breaker; physically remove the plug.
  2. Wear Protective Gear: Put on work gloves to protect your hands from sharp edges and safety glasses to shield your eyes.
  3. Discharge Capacitors (If Applicable): While most residential refrigerator compressors don’t have large start capacitors that hold a dangerous charge, some might. If you see a large cylindrical capacitor, research how to safely discharge it with a properly insulated screwdriver before handling. When in doubt, assume it could be charged.
  4. Work in a Well-Lit Area: Ensure you have good lighting to clearly see what you’re doing and identify all components.

Tools You’ll Need

Gathering your tools beforehand will make the job smoother and more efficient.

  • Screwdriver Set: Philips and flathead for removing access panels and relay covers.
  • Nut Driver or Socket Set: Some panels or covers might be secured with hexagonal bolts.
  • Multimeter: Essential for testing the relay’s continuity and resistance.
  • Wire Brush or Shop Cloth: For cleaning compressor terminals.
  • Work Gloves: For safety and grip.
  • Safety Glasses: Eye protection is a must.
  • Flashlight or Headlamp: To illuminate tight spaces.
  • Digital Camera or Smartphone: To take pictures of wiring before disconnecting anything.

Having these items ready will ensure you can proceed confidently and safely with your repair.

Step-by-Step Diagnosis: Is Your Starter Relay the Culprit?

With safety precautions in place and tools at hand, it’s time to confirm if the whirlpool refrigerator compressor starter relay is indeed the source of your cooling woes. This diagnostic process involves accessing the relay and performing a few simple tests.

Accessing the Relay

The compressor and its relay are typically located at the lower back of your refrigerator.

  1. Pull the Refrigerator Out: Gently pull the fridge away from the wall to access the back panel.
  2. Remove the Access Panel: Using your screwdriver or nut driver, remove the screws securing the lower back access panel. Set the screws aside safely.
  3. Locate the Compressor: You’ll see a large, black, usually spherical or cylindrical component – that’s the compressor.
  4. Identify the Relay: The starter relay, often encased in a plastic or metal housing, will be plugged directly onto the compressor’s electrical terminals. There might also be an overload protector (OLP) attached to the compressor, usually next to the relay.

Visual Inspection

Before testing, give the relay a good visual once-over.

  • Look for Burn Marks: Check for any signs of scorching, melting, or discoloration on the relay’s housing or terminals.
  • Listen for Rattling: Gently shake the relay. If you hear rattling inside, it often indicates internal damage to a PTC relay.
  • Check for Corrosion: Inspect the terminals on both the relay and the compressor for rust or corrosion.

Any of these visual cues can be a strong indicator of a faulty relay.

Testing with a Multimeter

This is where your multimeter becomes invaluable. The testing method varies slightly depending on whether you have a PTC or a current relay.

Testing a PTC Starter Relay

Most Whirlpool refrigerators use PTC relays.

  1. Remove the Relay: Carefully pull the relay straight off the compressor terminals. It might be snug. Note its orientation before removal, or take a picture.
  2. Set Multimeter to Ohms (Ω): Choose a low resistance setting, typically 200Ω or 2kΩ.
  3. Test Continuity: Place one multimeter probe on each of the two terminals that plug into the compressor.
    • A good PTC relay should show a very low resistance reading (close to 0 ohms, or a few ohms).
    • If you get an “OL” (Open Line) or infinite resistance reading, the relay is faulty and needs replacement.
  4. Check for Rattling (again): If you didn’t do it before, shake the PTC relay. A good one shouldn’t rattle. A rattling sound often means the internal ceramic disc is broken.

Testing a Current-Type Starter Relay

If your refrigerator has a current relay (usually a black plastic box with internal coils and a plunger):

  1. Remove the Relay: Disconnect the relay from the compressor and any associated wiring.
  2. Set Multimeter to Ohms (Ω): Select a low resistance setting.
  3. Test the Coil: Locate the two terminals that lead to the internal coil (you might need to consult a wiring diagram for your specific model). Place multimeter probes on these terminals.
    • A good current relay coil should show a low, measurable resistance (e.g., 5-15 ohms).
    • An “OL” or infinite reading indicates an open circuit in the coil, meaning the relay is bad.
  4. Check for Stuck Plunger: Gently shake the relay. You should hear a slight rattle as the internal plunger moves. If it feels stuck or doesn’t move, the relay is likely faulty.

If your tests confirm the relay is bad, you’re ready for the next step: replacement.

Replacing Your Whirlpool Refrigerator Compressor Starter Relay

Once you’ve diagnosed a faulty relay, replacing it is usually a straightforward process. The most critical part is ensuring you get the correct replacement part.

Sourcing the Right Part

This step is paramount. A wrong relay can damage your compressor or prevent it from starting.

  1. Get Your Model Number: Locate your refrigerator’s model number. It’s usually on a sticker inside the fridge compartment (often on a side wall, ceiling, or near the crisper drawers), or sometimes on the back.
  2. Find the Part Number: Once you have the model number, you can look up the specific part number for the compressor starter relay online through appliance parts retailers or the Whirlpool parts website. Alternatively, the part number might be printed directly on your old relay.
  3. OEM vs. Aftermarket: While aftermarket parts can be cheaper, for critical components like this, many DIYers prefer to stick with OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts to ensure compatibility and reliability.

Removal Process

With the correct new part in hand, removing the old one is simple.

  1. Disconnect Wiring: Carefully unplug any wires connected to the old relay. Take a picture first if there’s more than one wire, to ensure correct reattachment.
  2. Remove the Old Relay: The relay typically slides or clips onto the compressor’s electrical terminals. Gently pull it straight off. It might require a little wiggling or gentle prying.

Installation Process

Installing the new whirlpool refrigerator compressor starter relay is essentially the reverse of removal.

  1. Clean Terminals: Before installing the new relay, use a wire brush or a clean cloth to gently clean any corrosion or dirt from the compressor’s electrical terminals. A clean connection is vital for proper operation.
  2. Install the New Relay: Align the new relay with the compressor terminals and push it firmly into place. Ensure it’s seated securely and correctly oriented (refer to your earlier photo if needed).
  3. Reconnect Wiring: Plug any disconnected wires back into the new relay. Double-check that all connections are snug.
  4. Replace Access Panel: Reinstall the lower back access panel and secure it with its screws.
  5. Plug In and Test: Carefully slide the refrigerator back into place, plug it into the wall outlet, and listen. You should hear the compressor kick on and run smoothly. Give it a few hours to cool down and check the internal temperature.

Post-Replacement Checks

After replacing the relay, monitor your refrigerator for a day or two.

  • Ensure it’s consistently cooling to the desired temperature.
  • Listen for any unusual noises.
  • Confirm the compressor cycles on and off normally.

If the fridge still isn’t cooling or you hear abnormal sounds, it might indicate a deeper issue, such as a failing compressor itself, which would warrant professional help.

Preventative Maintenance and Expert Tips

While replacing the starter relay is a reactive fix, understanding why it fails and taking preventative measures can extend the life of your refrigerator and other components.

Keeping Condenser Coils Clean

One of the biggest culprits behind refrigerator strain and component failure is dirty condenser coils. These coils, usually located at the back or underneath the fridge, dissipate heat. When they’re covered in dust and pet hair, the compressor has to work harder, leading to overheating and premature failure of parts like the starter relay and even the compressor itself.

  • Regular Cleaning: Once or twice a year, pull your fridge out and vacuum or brush off the condenser coils.

Proper Ventilation

Ensure your refrigerator has adequate space around it, especially at the back and sides, for proper airflow. Cramming it into a tight space restricts heat dissipation, again forcing the compressor to overwork.

Understanding Compressor Health

The starter relay is a symptom, not always the root cause. A compressor that’s struggling to start due to age or wear can put extra strain on the relay, causing it to fail repeatedly. If you’ve replaced the relay multiple times and the issue recurs, it might be a sign that the compressor itself is on its last legs.

When to Call a Professional

While replacing the starter relay is a rewarding DIY task, know your limits.

  • Persistent Issues: If the problem persists after replacing the relay, or if you suspect a more complex electrical issue or refrigerant leak, it’s time to call an appliance technician.
  • Compressor Failure: If the compressor is truly dead (no hum, no start even with a new relay), replacing it is a major, costly repair that typically requires specialized tools and handling of refrigerants, which is best left to professionals.
  • Uncertainty: If you’re ever unsure about a step or uncomfortable with electrical work, err on the side of caution and seek expert assistance. Your safety and the longevity of your appliance are paramount.

Frequently Asked Questions About Whirlpool Refrigerator Compressor Starter Relay

Navigating refrigerator repairs can bring up many questions. Here are some common ones about the Whirlpool refrigerator compressor starter relay.

How long does a starter relay last?

The lifespan of a starter relay can vary significantly. Some can last for the entire life of the refrigerator (10-15 years or more), while others might fail after just a few years due to wear, electrical surges, or excessive strain from a struggling compressor or dirty coils. Regular maintenance, like cleaning condenser coils, can help prolong its life.

Can I bypass the starter relay?

No, you should never bypass the starter relay. It’s a critical safety and operational component designed to provide the necessary starting torque and then disconnect the start winding. Bypassing it can cause severe damage to the compressor, leading to overheating, short circuits, or complete failure, and it poses a significant electrical hazard.

What if my compressor is humming but not starting?

If your compressor hums briefly and then stops, often accompanied by a click, it’s a strong indicator of a faulty starter relay or a bad compressor overload protector (OLP). The relay isn’t providing the necessary boost to get the compressor running, or the OLP is tripping due to excessive current draw. Testing both components with a multimeter, as outlined in this guide, is the next step.

Is replacing a starter relay a DIY job?

For most homeowners with basic mechanical skills and a multimeter, replacing a Whirlpool refrigerator compressor starter relay is a very manageable DIY repair. It involves unplugging the fridge, removing an access panel, disconnecting a few wires, and swapping out the part. Always prioritize safety by unplugging the appliance and wearing protective gear.

Where can I find the model number for my Whirlpool refrigerator?

The model number for your Whirlpool refrigerator is typically located on a sticker inside the fresh food compartment. Common locations include the side wall, the ceiling, or near the crisper drawers. Sometimes it can also be found on the back of the refrigerator, usually near the top or bottom.

Getting your refrigerator back up and running with a simple part replacement is one of the most satisfying DIY victories. By understanding the role of the Whirlpool refrigerator compressor starter relay, knowing the signs of its failure, and following safe diagnostic and replacement procedures, you’ve not only fixed an immediate problem but also gained valuable expertise. Remember, every successful DIY project builds confidence and skill. So, take pride in your work, keep those coils clean, and enjoy your perfectly chilled beverages!

Jim Boslice
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